But what where their roles and functions? Their organization? And their equipment like armour,shields, uniforms, weapons, artillery, seige equipment, and ships and the use of them. Rome needed to have its own military, and so came the Papal army and Navy. But with the Arab sack of Rome in 846, and the battle of Garigliano with the aid from Constantinople. And so, relying on Carolingian Franks, Germans, and Normans for their military strength and even taking advantage for it. Rome always looked for help elsewhere, as constantinople no longer sought to cooperate them. Yet during the lombard invasions and the formation of the papal states. As the eastern roman empire reconquered and recaptured Italia from the goths, Rome was finally under the authority of the roman regime and the establishment of the Duchy of Rome.
